Marketing and brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Showcasing and brand Management - Essay Example The report suggests what Wii must do so as to continue its present piece of the overall industry of 45% with Sony and Microsoft making up for lost time. Chapter by chapter guide Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Nintendo Wii: Marketing Analysis 3 Conclusion and Recommendations 7 References 7 Introduction Nintendo’s Wii was at one time the market chief in the gaming business of the United States. Situated as a sole gaming console for the entire family, Wii held a piece of the overall industry of gigantic 75% (Matthews 2011). Not at all like its rivals Sony’s Play Station and Microsoft’s Xbox which were situated as a game comfort for just no-nonsense gamers matured from 19 to 35 prevalently guys; Nintendo went down in the mass markets of families and understood that there was nothing of the sort as an easygoing gamer. It brought the ex-gamers and easygoing gamers on a similar foundation of Wii with low costs and a slogan of â€Å"Wii like to play!† (O'Gorma n, 2008; Anthony, 2008). In the short-run, Wii experienced a lift in its deals. So much that it surpassed its rivals with enormous edges. Particularly during Christmas, where more significance was set to family esteems, Wii figured out how to pull in families and subsequently, won the 75% piece of the pie of the business (Matthews, 2011). Nintendo Wii: Marketing Analysis In request to examine the marking procedures of Wii, it is obligatory to comprehend the idea of the ‘Blue Ocean Strategy†. This idea involves the brand to keep a heartbeat beware of the market with regards to where in the market are the contenders situated as. This idea appropriately portrays that it isn't prudent for a brand to be in direct and head on rivalry with different players yet a superior alternative is scan for space and holes in the market and position the brand in that space which is untargeted by the contenders (Anthony, 2008). In like manner, when all the players in the market (Xbox and Pl ay Station including Wii) were concentrating on the in-your-face gamers’ advertise, Wii repositioned itself to the more extensive market of families. With this move, Wii had the option to construct a sounder client base when contrasted with its rivals as Xbox and Play Station were as yet stuck on the bad-to-the-bone gamers’ showcase. Presently, even the individuals who didn't offer inclination to game consoles thusly, were purchasing Wii reassures either in light of the fact that at their own pleasure or as a present for the family (O’Gorman, 2008). Given that Nintendo kept Wii’s structure easy to understand and less complex to utilize, its one of a kind make was seen as effortlessly utilized and constrained by the two learners and master and proficient players (Nintendo, Inc. 2007). Different brands to be specific Sony Play Station and Xbox have complex controls with non-instinctive or strange catches that are shapes and require time for the players to b ecome acclimated to them. Nintendo’s Wii then again is particularly intended to take into account the requirements of non-gamers and delicate center players who think that its more easy to use (Nintendo, Inc. 2007). Most definitely, Wii was focused to the more extensive family unit advertises in the game reassure industry. This implied Nintendo needed to push the costs down so as to pull in more customers. Its publicizing and limited time systems caused Wii to turn into the most selling brand during Christmas time and particularly among families who wanted to claim just one of all

Essay Cyber Bullying As A Big One Essay Example For Students

Paper Cyber Bullying As A Big One Essay With the utilization of the web expanding, scientists are finding a higher measure of cyberbullying. As indicated by Hinduja and Patchin, â€Å"There is no lack of potential guilty parties or casualties of cyberbullying in view of the across the board accessibility of PCs and the Internet in the created world,† (Hinduja and Patchin, 132). Both the scholars make a valid statement expressing this reality. With the measure of innovation that is accessible to understudies, on various devises, has permitted them to openly discuss. While this isn't all awful, there are significant destructions, digital harassing being a major one. Innovation assumes a significant job in cyberbullying. As indicated by Hinduja and Patchin, â€Å"The essential methods through which it can happen incorporate the Internet-empowered PC and cell phone,† (Hiduja and Patchin, 131). The web is one off the greatest parts to cyberbullying, on the grounds that it is accessible on PCs and cellphones. Online networking destinations, including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram and a lot more are large locales that numerous adolescents use to menace. Internet based life is accessible on numerous various gadgets, including cellphones. While cellphones are acceptable methods of imparting, it is regularly simple to make statements that you would not say to someone’s face. This is another case of how cellphones are utilized to cyberbully. These days, it is elusive an adolescent whose face isn't stuck to their telephone. Cellphones have a method of giving a few teenagers a feeling of bogus certainty. At the point when they are cyberbullying a companion, it's anything but an immediate discussion. They can say what they need and hole up behind a screen. Hiduja and Patchin make an extraordinary moment that expressing, â€Å"Cyberbullying is the grievous result of the association of youthful hostility and electronic com. .metal of the fault on them Hart, 32). This can be connected back our present investigation due to the video we had members watch before taking the overview. Every video had a particular reason, which was to outline the assessor to feel a particular way. We would then dissect their data to check whether the video had any effect. We had a verbose and topical video, alongside various inquiries in regards to who was to blame, government and parent mediation and how school condition can influence cyberbullying. Information would bolster Hypothesis 2, which is, Compared to individuals presented to news with a verbose edge, those watching news with a topical casing will be bound to concur that schools should assume a functioning job in forestalling high schooler cyberbullying. This is genuine in light of the fact that reviews show that a topical edge causes individuals to depend more on government intercession (Hart, 32).

Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service Assignment

Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service Assignment Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service â€" Assignment Example > E- Usability of different diagrams in the systems analysis and design phase17A- Use Case Diagram A use case diagram demonstrates the overall behavior or working of a system against any external response/input. Additionally, it encompasses the details regarding overall system working and operations. It helps system programmers to better understand the major aspects of a system (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). In this scenario, the use case for Campus Housing Service system will hold details regarding overall possible system working and operational aspects. I have given below five main and possible system working aspects those are: Owner RegistrationApartments RegistrationStudent RegistrationRent Apartment Delete Apartment Listing NoUse CaseDescriptionStockholders01Owner RegistrationThis use case is about the new registration of the owner. Owners, Administrator02Apartments RegistrationThis use case is about the registration of the vacant apartment. Owners, A dministrator03Student RegistrationThis use case is about the registration of the new student requiring the apartment for rent. Students, Administrator04Rent ApartmentThis use case demonstrates the overall process of taking apartment on rent. Students, Administrator05Delete Apartment ListingThis use case demonstrates the process of deleting the apartment’s data from listing in case of its reservation. This will be done on the request of owner. Owners, AdministratorMain Use Case Diagram B- Class Diagram A system class diagram is used to demonstrate the working of a system at implementation level. Additionally, a system class diagram is an object oriented model for demonstrating the system working. This is very helpful to the system developers for understanding the system working and operational status. This diagram can be used to define the main system operations and processes for the possible working of system. In addition, in this diagram we define the system classes and objects that are necessary for the system operations and working (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). The class diagram of the Campus Housing Service is drawn below that demonstrate the overall working and operational status of the system. This diagram encompasses five main classes that are outlined below: Owner StudentApartment Rent Registration FeeThe main advantage of the class diagram is that it enables to the system designers to define the system in a much better way so that the developer of the system could be able to perceive a high level idea of the system classes and objects as well as their possible mutual relationship. In this way, a class diagram is considered as a high level platform for system design and development that can enhance the overall system design efficacy and operational capability through elimination of the system issues and problem before implementation stage (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). Campus Housing Servic e Class Diagram C- Sequence Diagrams Sequence Diagram 1Sequence Diagram 2D- Use Case Description Use Case 1Use Case Description UC 1 â€" Owner RegistrationPrimary ActorApartment Owner Business Management Description This use case is about the overall process description of new apartment owner. In this scenario a new owner will register at the website by providing their personal and other related information. Stakeholders and InterestsThis use is about the registration of apartment owner. In this scenario the main interest of owner is to create an account that can offer capability of promotion and reservation of his apartments. This is also mainly helpful for student for taking the apartment near the university locations. Pre-conditionsOwner needs to open the main registration panel of the online Campus housing service System. Post-conditionsOwner needs to provide correct information. In case of online registration process he needs to offer details in a proper way, so that student could contact the owner in case of reservation of the apartment. Here owner also needs to fill the form in a right way; otherwise the system will prompt an error message for correction of details. Main Success ScenarioIn case of online registration of owner, following steps will be taken for the effective management and handling of the overall process: Online Account CreationIn this step the user will enter his details into the system and create an account that will offer registration of owner username and password. Filling Personal Information FormIn the owner registration process the owner will fill out the main registration form for the possible registration and management of his account. Here he will enter his contact details and personal data, so those students could contact him. Paying FeeAt this stage of registration process the owner will pay a specified registration fee that will ensure the successful registration and completion of owner’s online registration process. G etting Registration Conformation After the business management confirmation a detailed confirmation message will be sent to owner. This confirmation message will denote the successful completion of registration and creation of an online account. Creating Available Apartment List Here after account registration an owner is able to create possible free listing of apartments he is possessing. He will create these listing for the possible apartment’s further handling. Use Case 2Description UC 2 â€" Apartment RegistrationPrimary ActorApartment Owner Business Management Description This use case is about the overall process of registration for the owner’s apartment. In this scenario the owner of the apartment will register for his free and available apartment so that he could be able to launch it for rent. Stakeholders and InterestsThis use case involves the interest of both student and owner. Here the advertisement of the apartment will offer the opportunity to the student for renti ng the apartment and owner will also be able to reserve it. The online apartment registration is same as the advertisement of the apartment, so that we need to register the apartment information is great deal of better way. Pre-conditionsThe owner of apartment needs to open the online system for the registration of the apartment. Here he needs to press the submit key after entering the entire details of the apartment. Post-conditionsHere information entered into the system needs to be purified so that system does not prompt any error for the user. Main Success ScenarioIn case of online apartment registration scenario we will follow the below given main scenario: Creating Free Apartment ListingOwner will open new free apartment listing for the students. Entering Apartment Location Details Here owner will enter the address of the apartment for the overall registration of the location of apartment. Entering Apartment Location Details This will involve the entire details of apartment locality and details about the apartment areas. Entering Rental and Advance Information This step will involve the details regarding the apartment like baths, rooms and other information. Opening for RentThis section of the overall process will involve the process of opening the free apartment for student and common people search for taking it on rent. E- Usability of different diagrams in the systems analysis and design phaseEffective and easy to use system interfaces are developed due to the collaboration of two computer technology disciplines, which are software engineering and human computer interaction (or simply HCI). Additionally, both of these disciplines offers the ideas, methods, tools and notations for building, outlining and assessing the particular objects; however they both emerged from two dissimilar views on user interfaces. In this scenario, the user-oriented analysis pays more attention on the users’ jobs as well as the required communications with the system to accomplish system development objectives, since the system-oriented vision describes how the software is to be built and executed. In addition, the system design processes for these frequently take place in parallel; there are two dissimilar design spaces, and dissimilar design communities, that unavoidably join each other in the user interface (Dennis et al. , 2008; Rourke, 2002; Dix et al. , 2003).

Parenting Styles And Its Effects On Children - 957 Words

Parenting Styles One of the challenges every parent faces is determining the best way to raise their child. Bob Keeshan states that parents are the ultimate role models for children. Every word, movement and action has an effect. No other person or outside force has a greater influence on a child than the parent. Parents use various techniques to raise their kids. How a child is raised or developed depends on the structures that the parents used. A parent is not intrinsically bad or good; he or she is just a parent who makes good or bad choices. Good parents or bad parents, they all grouped in three different categories based on the method that they choose to raise their children. According to clinical and developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind, parents are classified as authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. To start with, authoritarian is the â€Å"because I said so† parents, it is both unresponsive and demanding. The main characteristics of this style are that parents are very strict and controlling. Open communication is generally not an option in this type of parenting style. They expect their orders to be obeyed without question. Authoritarian parents feel they are the boss and their children should conform to their demands without question. Kids from authoritarian families may be relatively well-behaved. But they also tend to be less resourceful, have poorer social skills, and lower self-esteem. The rules are expected to be followed to with no room forShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles And Its Effects On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThere are four main parenting styles, these four include: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved/neglectful. The way in which parents ‘parent’ their children effect the children on how the child develops i nto an adult and it affects their cognitive development. Parents that are authoritative encourage and allow their children to be independent, but the parent also sets boundaries and limits. If a child needs to be disciplined or punished, the parent does so, but not in a harmfulRead MoreThe Effects of Parenting Styles on Children781 Words   |  4 Pageshow to raise children and how to be a â€Å"good parent.† Often, parents get advice on how to parent from their own parents, from their close friends, and even experts. There are three main types of parenting styles: authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, and authoritative parenting. Authoritative parenting is a parenting style characterized by strict rules, harsh punishments and little warmth. Permissive parenting is characterized by parents who are responsive to their children, but lack rulesRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagessituation or opinion based on how we were raised, or how we raise-or plan on raising-our own childr en. With this said it is undeniable that parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting styles and the positive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erraticRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On Children1572 Words   |  7 PagesParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children Parents play a key role in their children’s lives, including supervision, involvement, love, support, comfort, and a wide variety of discipline and punishment. The relationship between parenting styles and child is vital and impacts the child’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Parenting involves two dimensions, demandingness and responsiveness sometimes referred to as control and warmth. With the use of these dimensions four parenting stylesRead MoreParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1545 Words   |  7 Pageshave found patterns in parenting styles and their effects on children. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade (Lloyd, Carol. 2012)†, it defines who you become, reflects your culture and represents values important in a family. Parenting style has a long term impact on a child’s development, success and outlook on life. The three styles of parenting are permissive parenting/hands-off p arenting , authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting .Studies revealed thatRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On Children2090 Words   |  9 PagesParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children We must all realize the impact we have on the world around us, whether it be an immediate effect or an action that releases a chain of events that is unforeseeable. Taking responsibility for the activities we partake in during everyday life is crucial for progressing in the future. This concept becomes much more actualized when we are raising our children. Children are undoubtedly the future of today. How we raise them will immediately impact what kindRead MoreOverview of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1463 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Webster’s dictionary, the definition of parenting is of â€Å"the process of raising and educating a child from birth to adulthood.† Have you ever pondered on how different you would be if your parents would have raised you differently? Everyone was raised differently, therefore we all will be different types of parents. We may cherish the way our parents raised and disciplined us, so we’ll utilize those techn iques when we become parents. On the other side, we may despise the way our parentsRead Moreeffect of parenting style on the academic development of children6694 Words   |  27 Pagesview on parenting as the skill or activity of looking after your own children. Davies (2000) opined that parenting (or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting style is a psychological contrast representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing (stantrock, 2007). There are many differing theories and opinions on the best ways to rear children, as wellRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles On The Psychological Development Of Children And Adolescents999 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent parenting styles on the psychological development of children and adolescents. Today, there are four vital parenting styles in psychology: authoritative, neglectful, indulgent and authoritarian. Each style possesses its own different characteristics and each produce different psychological developments in children and adolescents. In order to understand the effects of parenting styles on a person’s psychological development, it is obligatory we consider how a particular parenting style affectsRead MoreDiana Baumrind s Effect Of Parenting Styles On Children Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesDiana Baumrind’s effect of parenting styles on children Baumrind was born into a Jewish community in the New York’s Jewish enclaves. She was the first two daughters of Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Diana, the eldest in an extended family of female cousins, inherited the role of eldest son, which allowed her to participate in serious conversations about philosophy, ethics, literature, and politics. She completed her B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy at Hunter College in 1948, and her M.A. and Ph.D. in

Managing Projects - Universal Credit - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2914 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Managing projects Introduction of Universal Credit Universal Credit is a new welfare system providing financial subsidies for the jobseekers and the low-income families in the United Kingdom. It regards TheDepartment for Work and Pensions(DWP) as a single government department being responsible for the operation of Universal Credit (Royston, 2012). In addition, it combines a variety of original relief payments and benefits, such as jobseekersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ allowance (JSA) and income support, to a single system (National Audit Office, 2013). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Projects Universal Credit" essay for you Create order Due to integrate the original completed welfare systems into a single system, it provides a more effective and convenient approach to the masses and the government branches which allows them to simplify any application such as job searching and data collection. The Universal Credit system aims users to track the cash flow and transition under the well-defined regulations as well. In order to operate the system more automatically, the department of Universal Credit invested more than half capitals on establishing and developing IT online system. According to National Audit Office (2013) states, the functions of the IT system include claimantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ application system, claims administration and identification systems, financial information systems and information security systems. It also points out that the project of Universal Credit links the information from many government authorities, for example: DWP, HM Revenue and Customs (HMPC) and local governments. Because it is a complicated project, the IT system of Universal Credit needs to be supported by safety, quality-guaranteed and real-time software and systems to prevent error happened. The plan, which the department adopted, is to employ Accenture, IBM, HP and BT to be the system suppliers to build a multi-functional IT system for the department and the users. The advantages of Universal Credit are that it allows claimants, people who apply the financial assistance, to understand their welfare entitlements in an easy way. It also offers a simple channel with integrating numerous application accesses to the applicants which allows them to apply various allowances they should have. Moreover, Universal Credit promotes motivation of the unemployed to work that it ensures the out-of-work people can obtain more income compared to the period when they receive benefits while they start working (National Audit Office, 2013). In the British governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view, the benefits o f Universal Credit are less expenditure and high efficiency. The report (2013) states that the operation of Universal Credit can reduce personnel costs and simplify the workflow about the claims. More importantly, this project can decrease the errors and the mistakes caused by man as well as detects the fraud created by the ill-intentioned individuals. With numerous advantages, the DWP decides to attempt to launch the Universal Credit program in Tameside, Wigan, Warrington and Oldham in April 2013, then plans to implement this program throughout the UK in October. The current state of Universal Credit program Although Universal Credit program seems to be a well-designed system, National Audit Office (2013) believes that the timetable of establishing Universal Credit online system is overly optimistic. It sternly points out the defects of its IT system which may lead to more spending on developing IT construction, it also questions about the capability of IT technique which may not achieve the purpose of simplifying the current welfare system. Without considering these issues, it will generate the loopholes in information security that may harm peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests and cause reputational damage to the UK governments. After assessment, the Major Projects Authority decided to suspend the national implementation of the program, set up a reset team to resolve the security risk of the IT system running in Tameside. The current IT system of Universal Credit In the early stage, the IT system of Universal Credit adopted traditional plan-driven approach, or called waterfall model, to build the system. According to Winch (2013), the traditional PM triangle is a process-oriented model which keeps quality as the priority. This model defines the steps that every project cycle should include the processes of selection, define, execute, test and operate (Szalvay, 2004). It regards every step as a complete cycle, which means the department has to ens ure one step is completed, or it cannot move to the next step. Because the waterfall model is a sequential process, every procedure should be well-defined with clear targets. This model also regards quality as the priority that it needs to manage and control each step with fully-planned documents to ensure high quality of the system (Boehm, 1988). Hence the waterfall model is suitable for the complex software systems. At the beginning of the Universal Credit program, the department understood its purpose that it had to integrate most IT functions related to online transaction to its system. As a result, it implemented plan-driven approach to design the IT system and began to propose the white paper with the purposes, functions, schedule, scope and budget of the program at the end of 2012. However, the department overestimated its capability of planning as well as overlooked the demand of the market, therefore it faced many challenges of modifying the schedule of building IT syste m in 2013. The Problems of implementing waterfall model in the IT system Although waterfall or called plan-driven model is an appropriate approach to design a complicated system, the department failed to implement this approach to develop the system. As the report (2013) indicates, the department made an error evaluation about the percentage of online claims. It designed the IT system which can accept 50% online claims, but actually the demand is approaching to 90%. The wrong decision with waterfall modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach made the department to experience dilemma. Under this model, the department cannot flexibly change the blueprint and schedule when errors occurred, which is the situation the department faced (Szalvay, 2004; Winch, 2013; National Audit Office, 2013). If the plan has to revise in one step, it has to return to upstage to amend relative strategies (Boehm, 1988). To the last, it might change the content in the first stage, then progressively modify the IT system in each process. Additionally, this flow modification needs time to negotiate with different suppliers and departments involving in the Universal Credit program which has strong possibility to add more spend on resetting the IT system. However, the department does not have sufficient budget to afford the additional cost of the project of Universal Credit. Consequently, without accurately evaluate about the market demand, waterfall model with a document-driven strategy brings difficulty to the department to reset the IT system. Reset the IT system by moving waterfall to agile approach The IT system of Universal Credit is a highly complex project that it is impossible for the department to consider the full range of required functions before design and coding. With high uncertainty of usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demand, the system developers would be stressed by unknown development direction in order to design a system to meet demand. This uncertainty brings high risk while changing. As Szalvay (2004) indicates that waterfall modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach is more suitable for use in low-risk, low-variance and well-defined project. The department identified the problem regarding to the inflexibility of adopting the waterfall model. Considering the timescale and budget, the National Audit office decided to introduce a more efficient approach to improve and complete the project. According to the report (2013), the department applied agile method to replace the waterfall model in order to reset the IT system. Because of uncertain demand forecast, agile development enables to solve the problem by responding to the rapid changes in demand, which means that agile approach is a highly feedback-oriented development model (Sy, 2006). As he indicates, the agile divides a large, complex project to many small phases, each phase has a specific target and can be executed at the same time. Every development cycle uses iterative information processing to b uild partial system. In other words, the development of Universal Credit can categorize the systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions to several aspects, then simultaneously resets the system based on demands and suggestions. This processing model only requires a short development lifecycle to complete the system (Winch, 2013). However, in the Universal Credit system, there is no indication to show the department appropriately implementing the agile model. Firstly, as Sureshchandra and Shrinivasavadhani (2008) state, the agile practice only has to check improved relevant documents and update them. But, the approach which National Audit Office choice is to review and alter all documents about the Universal Credit program. As previous explanation, waterfall approach is to correct all documents before modifying the system; agile is to quick response the demand without spending long time on document processes (Szalvay, 2004). The situation, which the department faced, is it cannot meet use rsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demand. There are more than 90% of new online claimants, but the system cannot afford so many applications. Now the appropriate approach for the department is not to review and alter all documents. Instead, it has to update the documents associated with specific improved functions, then to modify the insufficient part of the system straightaway. Thus, the strategy which the department adopted does not implement agile, but waterfall modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach. Secondly, unclear target causes more uncertain design direction of the IT system. National Audit Office (2013) points out that the department did not have any clear plan about the functions which need to improve, although it had received feedback from users. This condition would obstruct the department to simplify and classify the complex IT system to small projects. Then the department cannot focus on improving on specific functions as well as recording them at the same time, which may lead to no agile. In addition, unclear plan has a strong probability to impact the department to adopt agile from waterfall model. In the Universal Credit case, due to the urgent requirement, the department has limited time and budget to reform the IT system. Thus, the efficient approach is to utilize existing infrastructure, move waterfall to agile to redesign the system. Under this condition, the department proposed the points that it would like to enhance the system functions, which means it finally set up the target for improvement. Unfortunately, the Cabinet Office did not accept this strategy because it believed the department had insufficient technique and a unclear proposal to improve the IT system. The department not only does not consider the point to reform in detail, also the plan about the IT infrastructures do not implement the existing system. This situation seems the department abandons the original system and stop continuing to improve, which is not the concept of agile. Hence, from above analyses, it can be concluded that the department misunderstood the meaning of agile, kept obeying waterfall model. It also neglects the importance of defining uncertain factors. Design with the test is also important In the early stage, it seems that the department did not consider testing as a crucial part while planning the Universal Credit project. Because it adopted waterfall modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach to design the project, system testing is implemented after execute. The current state of Universal Credit system used this method that it puts tests in the final stage, which belongs to waterfall modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach. In the execute phase, the system programmers have to ensure they fully complete all the system according to the blueprint and schedule, then they can proceed to the next stage (Sy, 2007; Sureshchandra Shrinivasavadhani, 2008). However, this approach raises several risks to the system. Firstly, the programmers cannot ensure whether the IT system will run. In this phase, the department outsourced partial functions to certain system providers and requested them to support setting. For example, HP is responsible for hardware and work service platform; BT contract telephony service (National Audit Office, 2013). Every IT supplier developed specific system functions without testing compatibility or not. When they completed and integrated the entire system without system error, it may produce the compatibility issues that allow hikers attack the system or cause data loss when users implement the system which is related to information security issue. Another hazard is about time, budget and the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demand. If the system designers found that the developed system is not suitable for the requirements or it occurred error when integrating, the designers had to go back to design stage, changed the plan and rearrange the project to suppliers. This situation causes time waste, capital loss and usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ confidence fell to the Universal Credit program. In the reset period, the Major Project Review Group understood this situation, thus it suggested the department to stop the plan. In order to avoid such risks and loss happed, it puts test and design in the same IT development stage. Although the department had considered test, it regards test as a subproject while coding. It also ran the system before fully completing to test whether the system had any error (National Audit Office, 2013). Therefore, the risk problem still did not be solved, although the department put test with designing the system. Poor planning and design in the early stage National Audit Office (2013) points out that the department not only had limited technique to code the system, it also had no ability to plan the whole project. In the reset state, the department rethought its original plan and proposed a new one. However, National Audit Office believed that the new plan is unclear. First of all, the department did not concern about scalability. Comparing to the previous plan, the system improvement is limited, which means that there were no significant change in the IT system. Secondly, the department did not consider thoroughly regarding to the system design. As the National Audit Office (2013) state, the department lost several information security functions, such as Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) which can aim to protect online transaction as well as to avoid data stolen by system intruders. This can show that the department does not have the capability to hold the plan, it also loses accurate determination of deciding an improvement plan. This disadvantage would impact the department to develop a strategic plan and implement agile approach to the IT system, it also raises information security issue the department, which may affect usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ confidence in the system. Conclusion and recommendations Currently, the IT sy stem of Universal Credit has faced many challenges, and most of them come from moving waterfall model to agile approach. The department did not understand the essence of agile, it confused between waterfall and agile approach in the reset stage. Hence, the better solution to reform the system is that the department analyses feedback given by the system users, then it develops specific improvement goals based on the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demand, and alter improvement relevant documents at the same time. It processes only needs few days to complete. Later the department assigns the projects which are required to reform to the responsible suppliers. In the design stage, the department has to ensure that the suppliers have a test system while coding and return progresses to the department. Simultaneously, the department has to confirm that there are no compatibility problems between different IT functions to avoid security issue happened. If there is no necessary, the department tries to retain the original IT infrastructure, using existing hardware and software to enhance the IT system. This approach enables the department to save recoding time, reduce additional reconstruction funds as well as simplify the processes of rebuilding the system. In the system, redesigning period, the department should focus more on scalability. Because the target customers of Universal Credit are national people in the UK. There would be a large amount of user accesses to this IT system accompanied with storing large data. To consider the systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s flexibility in the future, the system must be allowed to easily extend the components of hardware and software when it is necessary, which has to define well in the design phase. The scalability also includes fast processing online data and maintains the systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. For example, the department has to adopt multi-serversà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach, each host has to backup data simultaneously. This approach not only can share the load of each host, also can prevent abrupt termination of one server, so when an accident happened, the IT system still can operate. In order to prevent risks and maintain the system, the department has to consider future scalability and proposes a good system design scheme in the design stage. In summary, adopting the agile approach enables the department to efficiently change and recode the IT system. It also implements system testing to help the programmers to find errors and incompatibilities. Prior to this, well-defined plans and clear objectives are crucial. In the reforming phase. The department has to consider the long-term plan which will allow it to easily add more functions in the future. Besides, a good strategic plan can aim to avoid certain expected risks. If the department follows these suggestions, the IT system of Universal Credit program will not be a headache problem. References Boehm, B. W. (1988). A spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. Computer, 21(5), 61-72. Galen, R. (2010, 10 27). Agile Project Manager à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Traditional PM Triangle be Damned, Keep Quality First! Retrieved from Projecttimes : https://www.projecttimes.com/robert-galen/agile-project-manager-traditional-pm-triangle-be-damned-keep-quality-first.html National Audit Office. (2013). Universal Credit: earlyprogress. London: National Audit Office. Royston, S. (2012). Understanding Universal Credit. Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 20(1), pp. 69-86. Sureshchandra, K., Shrinivasavadhani, J. (2008). Moving from Waterfall to Agile. In G. Melnik, P. Kruchten, M. Pppendieck, Agile 2008 Conference (pp. 97-101). Los Alamitos, Canada: IEEE Computer Society. Sy, D. (2007, 5). Adapting Usability Investigations for Agile User-centered Design. Journal of Usability Studies, 2(3), pp. 112-132. Szalvay, V. (2004). An Introduction to Agile Software Develop ment. Washington: Danube Technologies, Inc. Winch, G. M. (2013). Managing Construcion Projects (Second ed.). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. 1

Salem Witch Trials Free Essays

What Caused the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria? 1692 was a year packed with excitement and terror for the citizens of Salem, Massachusetts. Belief and accusations of people being witches/warlocks under the possession of the Devil swept across the town and wreaked havoc among its settlers. There are many possible ways to justify this madness. We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trials or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the 3 most valid and evidential reasons are: attention-seeking, jealousy (of one another and the amount of land owned), and lack of acceptance towards each other’s physical flaws and behaviors. Attention-seeking is bound to become an issue in a town such as Salem, merely due to the daily, mundane activities one must pursue in order to live properly. Document G states, â€Å"It was perhaps their original design to gratify a love of notoriety or of mischief by creating†¦ excitement in their neighborhood. † This quote is relating to the behaviors that people were displaying which made them a suspect. Document H revolves around the idea that maybe these young girls were acting out and faking the â€Å"convulsive attacks† that were believed to be evidence in order to give the public what they expected, or wanted. These young girls created an issue much larger than they’d planned to. They most likely were just trying to make themselves known and didn’t understand the impact that their actions would have on the vulnerable minds of their town. Although attention-seeking seems to play the most obvious role in the hysteria, jealousy was also a major contributor. Land ownership was a big deal in this time period (15th century), and the division between the farmers’ and the residents’ amount of property became a cause for vengeance (Document J). Documents K L are perfect examples of people feeling the need for revenge. The Putnams must have believed that Rebecca Nurse did them terribly wrong when her family took over some of their land, so (as one of the wealthiest families in Salem); they used their word against hers by accusing her to be witch. They probably wouldn’t have done so if they did not genuinely believe she had something more than they had or she did something to personally attack them. This kind of resentment towards one another must’ve became a common issue in Salem, for it seems that many accusations came from people being jealous of each other. Along with jealousy, unacceptance and judgment of people’s features and behaviors became a leading cause for someone to be called a witch. Document E uses statistics to show that a majority of the accused were middle-aged, married women. This document’s information alone gives clues related to sexism and discrimination of age and marital status. In Document M, Linda Caporael suggests that Ergotism, an illness caused by a parasitic fungus called â€Å"ergot,† caused people to hallucinate, become delirious, and go through manic episodes. Perhaps these symptoms were misjudged to be evidence that someone was possessed. Or perhaps the people who ate and retracted the sickness from the food contaminated with ergot were the accusers, and they simply weren’t in their â€Å"right mind. In any event, there was a massive amount of judgment and lack of acceptance to one another, and this played a key role in the chaos of the Witch Trials. Accusations of witchcraft and possession put a scare and a drive to defeat into the citizens of Salem, Massachusetts that year. 20 people were killed, and more than 100 people were accused. There’s a multitude of different explanations as to why. All in all, though, the whole thing could have been avoided if it weren’t for people’s desire for attention, envy, and judgmental mindsets. How to cite Salem Witch Trials, Essay examples

Settings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle Essay Example

Settings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle Essay The Story The setting of â€Å"Rothschilds Fiddle† is a squalid little village where Yakov Ivanov, a Russian coffin maker, and Rothschild, an equally poor Jewish musician, both live. Yakov lives in a one-room hut, which contains his gloomy wares as well as his humble domestic possessions. Childless, the dour Yakov barely notices Martha, his downtrodden wife of fifty years. Yakov has an unexpected side to his character, for he is a gifted, if rude, violinist who is sometimes invited to join the local Jewish orchestra to play for weddings. Although the coffin maker needs the occasional money, he dislikes the Jewish musicians—especially the flutist Rothschild, who turns even the merriest songs into lugubrious plaints. Yakov abuses Rothschild and is once on the point of beating him. The quarrel ends Yakovs association with the orchestra, apart from rare occasions when one of the Jews cannot perform. Yakov sees his life as an endless succession of â€Å"losses. † Sundays and holidays when he cannot work represent losses; a wedding without music represents a loss; a rich man who inconsiderately dies and is buried out of town is another loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Settings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Settings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Settings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Yakov keeps an account book of his losses, even calculating the interest he might have received on his lost opportunities. At night he arises from his sleepless bed and seeks relief by playing his violin. One morning Martha feels ill but carries on with her chores while her husband plays his fiddle and gloomily calculates ever new and more distressing imaginary losses. That night the wife cries out that she is going to die. Her feverish face gives the impression that she looks forward to deliverance from her hard, loveless lot and Yakovs endless â€Å"losses. Horrified, the coffin maker takes her to a hospital, where the medical assistant shrugs her off as hopeless, refusing Yakovs pleas that he bleed her as he would a rich patient. Realizing the worst, Yakov takes his wifes measurements and begins work on a coffin, duly entering the loss in his account book—two rubles, forty kopecks. Before her death, the wife calls Yakov to her bedside and asks whether he remembers the baby with curly golden hair that God had given them fifty years before. The couple would take the child down to the river bank, sit under the willow, and sing. Yakov has no recollection of the dead child or the willow. That night, Martha dies, and Yakov arranges a miserly funeral, admiring the coffin as he takes final leave of his wife. Yakov, feeling unwell as he walks home from the cemetery, reflects on his lifelong neglect of his wife in spite of her uncomplaining labor and help. At this point, a nervously bowing and scraping Rothschild approaches with a message from the Jewish orchestra leader, inviting Yakov to play for a wedding. The coffin maker once again abuses and threatens the cowering flute player, who flees pursued by a horde of small boys screaming â€Å"Jew, Jew! Yakov now walks down by the river for the first time in many years, where he, too, is heckled by the village boys who address him by his nickname, â€Å"Old Man Bronze. † Suddenly he comes on the willow and recalls the dead child. Yakov now falls into regretful reflection of his lost opportunities. Nothing waits ahead of him, and there are only losses behind. Now, however, Yakovs distress over his losses takes a new turn: â€Å"Why shouldn’t men live so as to avoid all this waste and these losses? † He belatedly regrets his harsh treatment of his wife and the Jew: â€Å"If it were not for envy and anger [men] would get great profit from one another. In the morning, seriously ill, Yakov returns to the â€Å"doctor. † As the sick man walks home, he bitterly thinks that after his death he will â€Å"no longer have to eat and drink and pay taxes, neither would he offend people any more, and, as a man lies in his grave for hundreds of thousands of years, the sum of his profits would be immense. † He concludes that life is a loss; death, a profit. Yakov is not sorry to die but regrets leaving behind his violin. At home he sits on the threshold and plays his violin with tears streaming down his face. Once again, a quivering Rothschild approaches Yakov on behalf of the orchestra director. This time, however, the Jew is greeted kindly. Yakov tells him that he is ill and continues to play. So plaintive is his song that Rothschild also begins to weep as he leaves. Later that day, when the village priest asks the dying man if there is any particular sin of which he wishes to repent, Yakov asks that his violin be given to Rothschild. Time passes, and the townsfolk begin to wonder where Rothschild obtained the violin that he now plays instead of the flute. An even greater mystery is the source of the song he plays, which is so entrancingly sorrowful that wealthy merchants vie in having him come to their homes to play it over and over again. Themes and Meanings Anton Chekhovs major theme in this, as in many others of his works, is the isolation of the individual within himself and his often vain attempts to break out of his shell and establish meaningful contact with others. Yakovs anti-Semitism is but a particular example of this more general malaise. Yakov finally succeeds in reaching out to others and does so in the form of his music: first to his archenemy Rothschild through his death song and the gift of his violin, and then through Rothschild, who brings Yakovs harrowing melody to many others. Art is the means by which the two men, both deeply unattractive characters, surmount their isolation and manifest their shared humanity. The theme of Yakovs losses is also important. â€Å"Losses† is the most frequently used word in the story, and through repetition it assumes symbolic meaning, referring to far more than Yakovs hypothetical financial setbacks. He is obsessed with his so-called losses. They have poisoned his life, and he has lost the capacity for love and simple pleasures (apart from his music). In fact, the death of his wife is the sole real loss that Yakov suffers, and it is only with this that he begins to reflect on his profitless, ill-spent life and his ill-treatment of his wife and Rothschild. This realization, especially in the face of his own imminent death, leads to his remorse and his final haunting melody. The final irony is that it is the Jew Rothschild rather than Yakov himself who profits and recoups the coffin makers â€Å"losses. Style and Technique The story is told by an omniscient narrator the year after Yakovs death. Its formal structure is tripartite: the brief introduction that establishes the setting and the hero; the story itself, that is, the relationship between Yakov and Rothschild and the deaths of the wife and husband; and the ironic, bittersweet ending in which Rothschild plays Yakovs song. As in many Chekhov stories, a key event (Yakovs interaction with Rothschild) is repeated three times. The first two encounters are hostile, while the third depicts a reversal of the earlier ones. The last carries the storys message—the breaking down of the isolation of the two men through art and the establishment of their shared humanity. The narrative technique through which Chekhov makes his thematic statement should be noticed. Superficially, Yakov and Rothschild seem very different: The coffin maker is big, strong, and aggressive, while Rothschild is gaunt, frail, and cowering; Yakov prefers merry songs, Rothschild, mournful ones; the Christian Yakov despises Rothschild the Jew. The narrative, however, poses a series of parallels that point to their essential sameness. Yakov is obsequious to the â€Å"educated† medical assistant, just as Rothschild is to Yakov. Also noteworthy are the parallel scenes in which the Jew fleeing from Yakovs fists is jeered by the village boys, who moments later jeer the bereaved Yakov. Both are â€Å"outsiders. † The most important parallel scene, the one demonstrating their common humanity, is that in which the two men cry together as Yakov improvises his own death dirge. This evolving pattern ends in the identification of the former enemies, each of whom had lived in his own profitless prison of the self. Chekhovs language is sometimes considered rather â€Å"flat,† a feature of much realistic prose. On close inspection, however, Chekhovs language is not, in fact, â€Å"realistic† but rather evocative and impressionistic. The reader comes to know characters and their lives not through accumulated description but through the carefully chosen, evocative detail that suggests far more than it says. Similarly, the carefully elaborated formal structure contributes to the readers sense of a meaning that goes far beyond the limits of the brief tale.